Janssen Pharmaceuticals is a pharmaceutical company headquartered in Beerse in Belgium. It was established in 1953 by Paul Janssen with the aim of conducting pharmacological research. The company’s stated aim is the continuous development of better drugs to improve quality of life. Janssen Pharmaceuticals Industry Pharmaceutical Founded 1953 Parent Johnson & Johnson In 1961 Janssen Website www. janssenpharmaceuticalsinc. com Pharmaceuticals was.
(http://www. janssenpharmaceuticalsinc.com/) purchased by the American corporation Johnson & Johnson, and is now part of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development (J&J PRD), which conducts research and development activities related to a wide range of human medical disorders, including mental illness, neurological disorders, anaesthesia and analgesia, gastrointestinal disorders, fungal infection, allergies and cancer. Janssen and Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical have been placed in the Ortho-McNeil-Janssen group within Johnson & Johnson.
Its Chairman and Managing Director is the baron Ajit Shetty. Janssen and its parent company have been involved in marketing fraud scandals and multi-million dollar litigation related to its antipsychotic Risperdal, accused of hiding adverse effects and bribing officials, including to promote its use among elderly patients with dementia and children with a range of conditions. Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 History Controversies Janssen Pharmaceuticals in China Some drugs developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica See also References Source External links History.
The early roots of what would become Janssen Pharmaceuticals date back to 1933. In 1933 Constant Janssen, the father of Paul Janssen, acquired the right to distribute the pharmaceutical products of Richter, a Hungarian pharmaceutical company, for Belgium, the Netherlands and Belgian Congo. On 23 October 1934, he founded the N. V. Produkten Richter in Turnhout. In 1937 Constant Janssen acquired an old factory building in the Statiestraat 78 in Turnhout for his growing company, which he expanded during World War II into a four-storey building.
Still a student, Paul Janssen assisted in the development of Perdolan. After the war, the name for the company products was changed to Eupharma, although the company name Richter would remain until 1956. Paul Janssen founded his own research laboratory in 1953 on the third floor of the building in the Statiestraat, still within the Richter-Eurpharma company of his father. In 1955, he and his team developed their first drug: Neomeritine (ambucetamide), an antispasmodic found to be particularly effective for the relief of menstrual pain.
On 5 April 1956, the name of the company was changed to NV Laboratoria Pharmaceutica C. Janssen (named after Constant Janssen). On 27 April 1957, the company opened a new research facility in Beerse, but the move to Beerse would not be completed until 1971-1972. On 2 May 1958, the research department in Beerse became a separate legal entity, the N. V. Research Laboratorium C. Janssen. On 24 October 1961, the company was acquired by the American corporation Johnson & Johnson.
The negotiations with Johnson & Johnson were led by Frans Van den Bergh, head of the Board of Directors. On 10 February 1964, the name was changed to Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V. and the seat of the company in Turnhout was also transferred to Beerse. The company was led by Paul Janssen, Bob Stouthuysen and Frans Van Den Bergh. When, in 1971-1972 the pharmaceutical production also moved to Beerse, the move from Turnhout was completed.
Between 1990 and 2004, Janssen Pharmaceuticals expanded worldwide, and the company grew in size to about 28000 employees worldwide.4600 of these were based in Belgium. [citation needed] From the beginning, Janssen Pharmaceuticals emphasized as its core activity research for the development of new drugs.
The research department which was established in Beerse in 1957, developed into a large research campus. In 1987, the Janssen Research Foundation (JRF) was founded which performs research into new drugs at Beerse and in other laboratories around the globe. Janssen Pharmaceuticals became the Flemish company with the largest budget for research and development.
Beside the headquarters in Beerse with its research departments, pharmaceutical production and the administrative departments, Janssen Pharmaceuticals in Belgium still has offices in Berchem (Janssen-Cilag), a chemical factory in Geel, and Janssen Biotech in Olen. The Chemical Production plant in Geel, makes the active ingredients for the company’s medicines. In 1975, the first plant of a new chemical factory Plant I was established in Geel, Plant II was opened in 1977, Plant III’ in 1984, and Plant IV in 1995. In 1999 the remaining chemical production in Beerse was transferred to Geel.
About 80% of its active components are manufactured here. The site in Geel also manufactures about two-thirds of the worldwide chemical production of the pharmaceutical sector of Johnson & Johnson. In 1995, the Center for Molecular Design (CMD) was founded by Paul Janssen and Paul Lewi. In 1999, clinical research and non-clinical development become a global organization within Johnson & Johnson. In 2001, part of the research activities was transferred to the United States with the reorganization of research activities in the Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Development (JJPRD) organization.
The research activities of the Janssen Research Foundation (JRF) and the R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute (PRI) (United States) were merged into the new global research organization. A new building for pharmaceutical development was completed in Beerse in 2001. In 2002, a new logistics and informatics centre was opened at a new site, Beerse 2. In 2003 two new research buildings were constructed, the Discovery Research Center (DRC), and the Drug Safety Evaluation Center (DSEC). On 27 October 2004, the Paul Janssen Research Center, for discovery research, was inaugurated.
The success of Janssen Pharmaceuticals is commonly attributed to the vision of its founder, who himself was a brilliant scientist, but was also surrounded by talented and motivated employees, both scientifically and commercially. Paul Janssen created an environment which stimulated the creativity of his research workers. [1] Controversies Juries in several US states have found that Janssen Pharmaceuticals and its parent company Johnson and Johnson covered up known adverse effects of Risperdal (chemical name Risperidone) in order to promote it to doctors and patients as better than cheaper generics.
States that have awarded damages include Texas ($158 million), South Carolina ($327 million), Louisiana ($258 million), and most notably Arkansas ($1. 2 billion) – the Attorney General stated: “These two companies put profits before people, and they are rightfully being held responsible for their actions”. [2] In addition, the United States Department of Justice has been investigating Risperdal sales practices since 2004, and in 2010 joined a whistleblowers suit alleging bribes paid to Omnicare, the largest company supplying pharmaceutical drugs to nursing homes.
[3][4] The allegations include that J&J and Janssen were warned by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) not to promote Risperdal as effective and safe for elderly patients when in fact it is associated with early death, but they did so; and that they in fact bribed Omnicare pharmacists tens of millions of dollars to promote the drug to care home physicians for this unapproved use. A settlement has been provisionally agreed with J&J of around $2.
2 billion for this and related allegations, with Omnicare having already settled for around $100 million. [5] Former head of sales and president of Janssen, Alex Gorsky, who the Dept of Justice say “was actively involved” in the fraud, has nevertheless become the new CEO of Johnson and Johnson. [6] Janssen Pharmaceuticals in China In 1985, Janssen Pharmaceuticals was the first Western pharmaceutical company to set up a pharmaceutical factory in the People’s Republic of China (Xi’an).
Already in 1983, Janssen had signed a cooperation contract to modernise products in an existing, but old, chemical factory in Hanzhong (in the province Shaanxi) and to produce the active compound of some Janssen products, such as mebendazole. Paul Appermont and Joos Horsten were responsible for the project. In 1976 Paul Janssen had met the LebaneseAmerican doctor George Shafik Hatem (1912–1988) who was known in China under the name Ma Haide.
Paul Janssen met with Ma Haide for three days in 1976, and decided to start a business in China right after the Cultural Revolution (1967–1976) and the opening to the west by Deng Xiaoping in 1978.
The first factory was set up by Joos Horsten in Hanzhong, after which the second and larger factory followed in Xi’an. Xi’an-Janssen Some drugs developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica Risperdal tablets R-code Name R5 ambucetamide R79 isopropamide iodide R253 diisopromine R516 cinnarizine R875 dextromoramide R1132 diphenoxylate R1625 haloperidol R2498 trifluperidol R3345 pipamperone R3365 piritramide R4263 fentanyl [7][8].
Brandname Neomeritine Priamide-Janssen Bilagol Stugeron Palfium Reasec Haldol Triperidol Dipiperon Dipidolor Fentanyl Synthetized Marketed 1953 1955 1954 1955 1955 1956 1955 1958 1955 1957 1956 1960 1958 1959 1959 1961 1960 1961 1960 1967 1960 1963 R4584 R4749 R4845 R6218 R6238 R7904 R11333 R12564 R13672 R14889 R14950 R15889 R16341 R16470 R16659 R17635 R18553 R33800 R33812 R35443 R39209 R33799 R41400 R43512 R46541 R49945 R50547 R51211 R51619 R64766.
benperidol Frenactyl 1961 [9] Dehydrobenzperidol 1961 droperidol bezitramide Burgodin 1961 fluspirilene Imap 1963 pimozide Orap 1963 lidoflazine Clinium 1964 bromperidol Impromen 1966 levamisole Ergamisol 1966 haloperidol decanoate Haldol decanoas 1967 miconazole nitrate Daktarin 1967 flunarizine Sibelium 1967 lorcainide Remivox 1968 penfluridol Semap 1968 dexetimide Tremblex 1968 Hypnomidate 1964 etomidate[10][11] mebendazole Vermox 1968 loperamide Imodium 1969 Sufenta 1974 sufentanil [12] domperidone Motilium 1974 oxatomide Tinset 1975 [13][14].
Rapifen 1976 alfentanil Wildnil 1976 carfentanil [15] ketoconazole Nizoral 1976 astemizole Hismanal 1977 bromperidol decanoate Impromen decanoas 1978 ketanserin tartrate Sufrexal 1980 levocabastine Livostin 1979 itraconazole Sporanox 1980 cisapride Prepulsid 1980 risperidone Risperdal 1984 1965 1963 1971 1971 1970 1969 1981 1969 1981 1971 1977 1983 1973 1972 1977 1972 1973 1979 1978 1981 1983 1980? 1981 1983 1984 1987 1989 1986 1989 1993.
Janssen Pharmaceuticals has developed and brought to the market about 70 new active substances (NCE), of which the most well-known are (name may differ): Imodium (against diarrhoea.
Active substance: loperamide) Motilium (against flatulence — and bowel impairments. Active substance: domperidone) Reminyl (against Alzheimer’s disease (dementia). Active substance: galantamine) Daktarin (against fungal infections.
Active substance: miconazole) Nizoral (against dandruff, Active substance: ketoconazole) Durogesic (fentanyl patch for pain suppression. Active substance: fentanyl) Vermox (against worms. Active substance: mebendazole) Risperdal (antipsychotic, against mental illness such as schizophrenia. Active substance: risperidone) Five drugs of Janssen Pharmaceuticals have been included on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines: Haldol (haloperidol) Ergamisol (levamisole) Daktarin (miconazole) Vermox (mebendazole) Nizoral (ketoconazole) (on the WHO list until 2005) R207910 is an experimental diarylquinoline anti-tuberculosis drug, discovered by Koen Andries and his team, which promises a shorter and simpler treatment for Tuberculosis (TB). See also
Didier de Chaffoy de Courcelles Paul Stoffels Staf Van Reet Jan Schuurkes Tibotec Virco Rega Institute for Medical Research Drug development Nanovid microscopy FlandersBio Joan Daemen List of companies of Belgium List of pharmaceutical companies References 1. ^ Lewi, Paul J. , Successful Pharmaceutical Discovery: Paul Janssen’s Concept of Drug Research, R&D Management, Vol. 37, Issue 4, pp. 355-362, September 2007 2.
^ J. &J. Fined $1. 2 Billion in Drug Case (http://www. nytimes. com/2012/04/12/business/drug-giant-is-fined-1-2-billion-inarkansas. html? _r=0) NY Times, By KATIE THOMAS Published: April 11, 2012 3. ^ Hilzenrath, David S. (January 16, 2010). “Justice suit accuses Johnson & Johnson of paying kickbacks” (http://www. washingtonpost. com/wpdyn/content/article/2010/01/15/AR2010011503903. html). The Washington Post. Retrieved January 17, 2010. 4.
^ Singer, Natasha (January 15, 2010). “Johnson & Johnson Accused of Drug Kickbacks” (http://www. nytimes. com/2010/01/16/business/16drug. html). The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2010. 5. ^ J&J Said to Agree to $2. 2 Billion Drug Marketing Accord (http://www. bloomberg. com/news/2012-06-11/j-j-said-to-pay-2-2-billion-to-endrisperdal-sales-probe. html).
Bloomberg News. By Margaret Cronin Fisk, Jef Feeley & David Voreacos – Jun 11, 2012 6. ^ J&J needs a cure: new CEO allegedly had links to fraud (http://www. forbes. com/sites/erikakelton/2012/04/17/new-jj-ceos-ties-to-fraud-caseshow-jj-sees-no-need-for-a-cure/) Forbes, Erika Kelton, 4/17/2012 7.
^ Janssen PAJ, Eddy NB (1960). “Compounds related to pethidine-IV new general chemical methods of increasing the analgesic activity of pethidine” (http://66. 147. 252. 139/archive/Rhodium/pdf/pethidine. reverse. esters. pdf). J Medicinal 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Pharma Chem 2 (1): 31–45. doi:10. 1021/jm50008a003 (http://dx. doi. org/10. 1021%2Fjm50008a003).
PMID 14406754 (//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/14406754). Retrieved 2010-09-27. ^ Janssen PAJ, Niemegeers CJE, Dony JGH (1963). “The inhibitory effect of fentanyl and other morphine like analgesics on the warm water induced tail withdrawal reflex in rats” (http://garfield. library. upenn.
edu/classics1991/A1991GA09000001. pdf). ArzneimittelForschung (Drug Research) 13: 502–7. ISSN 0004-4172 (//www. worldcat. org/issn/0004-4172). PMID 13957426 (//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/13957426). Retrieved 2010-09-27. ^ Janssen PAJ, Niemegeers CJE, Schellekens KHL, Verbruggen FJ, Van Nueten JM (1963).
“The pharmacology of dehydrobenzperidol, a new potent and short-acting neuroleptic agent chemically related to haloperidol”. Arzneimittel-Forschung (Drug Research) 13: 205–11. ISSN 0004-4172 (//www. worldcat. org/issn/0004-4172). PMID 13957425 (//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/13957425). ^ Doenicke A, Kugler J, Penzel G, Laub M, Kalmar L, Kilian I, Bezecny H (1973).
” [Cerebral Function under Etomidate, a New Non-Barbiturate I. V. Hypnotic]” (http://tematicas. es/salud/articulo/hirnfunktion-und-toleranzbreite-nach-etomidateeinem-neuen-barbituratfreien-i-v-applizierbaren-hypnoticum/). Anaesthesist (in German) 22 (8): 353–66. ISSN 0003-2417 (//www. worldcat. org/issn/0003-2417). PMID 4584133 (//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/4584133). Retrieved 2010-09-27. ^ Morgan M, Lumley J, Whitwam JG (1975).
“Etomidate, a new water-soluble nonbarbiturate intravenous induction agent” (http://journals. lww. com/surveyanesthesiology/Citation/1976/06000/Etomidate,_A_New _Water_Soluble_Non_Barbiturate. 27. aspx). The Lancet 305 (7913): 955–6. doi:10.
1016/S0140-6736(75)92011-5 (http://dx. doi. org/10. 1016%2FS01406736%2875%2992011-5). PMID 48126 (//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/48126). Retrieved 2010-09-27. ^ Niemegeers CJE, Schellekens JHL, van Bever WFM, Janssen PAJ (1976). “Sufentanil, a very potent and extremely safe intravenous morphine-like compound in mice, rats and dogs”. Arzneimittel-Forschung (Drug Research) 26 (8): 1551–6. ISSN 0004-4172 (//www. worldcat. org/issn/0004-4172). PMID 12772 (//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/12772). ^ Spierdijk J, van Kleef J, Nauta J, Stanley TH, de Lange S (1980). “Alfentanil: a new narcotic induction agent”. Anesthesiology 53: S32. ^ Niemegeers CJE, Janssen PAJ (1981). “Alfentanil.