Illegal use of drugs, such as heroin, marijuana, cocaine, and methamphetamine may cause serious consequences including injury, illness, disability, and death as well as crime, domestic violence, and lost workplace productivity are associated. Transmission of diseases like gonorrhea, syphilis, hepatitis, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through sexual contact of drug users and their partners are at high risk.
The relationship between drug use and HIV/AIDS transmission using syringe is well known and it is also associated with hepatitis B and C infections (Sorensen and Batki, page 77). Cardiac irregularities and heart failure, convulsions, seizures, temporary narrowing of blood vessels in the brain, contributing to the risk of strokes which includes bleeding within the brain and cognitive failure associated with memory deficits are some of the after-effects of using cocaine. Aside from these upshots, individual may also suffered chronic depression, sexual dysfunction, and psychosis upon use of drugs.
Modification of health systems facilitated to document the advances in research techniques by all forms of substance abuse, including marijuana use through the application of advanced brain imaging and the study of the effects of alcohol and drug abuse on individual cells (Brick, page 107). The other objective of researchers across the world is to know the long-term effects of alcohol and drug abuse on the immune system as well as the end result of prenatal alcohol and drug exposure on the behaviour and development of children starting from mother’s womb until they were born.
As confirmed by research, frequent users have a chronic mental health disorders upon usage of abusive substances. At a very young age at the time of their entry into elementary school, some of these persons can be well-known by their behavioural problems and such youth tend to make use of substances at a young age and exhibit sensation-seeking behaviours. Family therapy and parent training are some of the intensive and preventive programs that will benefit these youth to restore health and social function.
Substance abuse increases the gap between the numbers of available treatment slots and the number of persons seeking treatment for illicit drug use. Its severity augmented as the stigma arises and it increases the disparity of acquiring proper treatment. All racial, cultural, and economic groups regardless of race or ethnicity were all affected by the issue of substance abuse. Different nations are still promoting programs that would help globally those who have been a substance user and abuser. Treatment and Intervention: How Effective Are They? There are various ways in treating chronic substance abuse.
It may vary among the degree of addiction. The effectiveness of alcohol and drug abuse treatment using right and proper range of reliable outcome process and course were assessed adequately by few studies, it consists of a demonstrative sample of alcohol and drug abuse treatment modalities, or more than one standpoint on treatment effectiveness. The substance abuse treatment is a multifaceted of therapeutic measures and procedures such as pharmaceutical, psychotherapeutic and medical to help an individual get rid of his or her drug dependency (Connors, Donovan and DiClemente, page 146).
Substance abuse treatment also considers the psychological and physical types of dependency of the client. Various psychoactive agents, such as amphetamine, crystal meth, heroin, cocaine, prescription drugs and alcohol usage were being discussed to know the preference of the patient when using substances. Legal, physical, physiological, social, and financial factors are reinforce to enable the drug user to quit taking drugs and, therefore, to avoid numerous negative consequences implications of substance abuse.
Physical and physiological aspects through effective and efficient applied therapeutic measures are directed by rehabilitation institutions. After the first attempt to try a substance physical dependency on drugs, the substance user quickly develops damages on brain and the nervous system progressively and with repeated use, the user starts yearning for it on a regular basis. The user craves more and more of the substance in some time from taking alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, and other drugs in order to achieve the desired narcotic feeling of “highness.
” Numerous symptoms of withdrawal may develop in any case upon attempt for the abrupt quitting of the agent of dependency. Withdrawal stage can lasts for more than one week to months. It is a very tough, strong and even hardly tolerable stage and symptoms of withdrawal can manifest extreme depression, hypertension, anxiety, delirium tremens, drug cravings, seizures, psychoses, and other highly unpleasant and potentially dangerous forms which can lead to suicidal thoughts and even attempts.