There are two usual treatments for anorexia, which is close medical attention through hospitalization or close observance through counseling. The main goal or these treatments is to make the patient put on weight, become dependent to live in society, and to build self-esteem. These treatments are usually use at the same time, but can be used separately. The better of the two that is which that has the lower rate of reoccurrence would be close observance through counseling. This is due to the building of the self-esteem and helping the patient cope with their problems rather then starving themselves when a problem arises, or a conflict. (Bailer, 2005)
To prevent the situation from becoming difficult it is best that the illness be caught early so that treatment is successful. Getting an anorexic to take treatment is not easy due to the fact the anorexic will eat the meal for the nurse and doctor than purge them into self induce-vomiting. If the patients continue to purge themselves force-feeding is an option that doctors have used.
What causes these eating disorders? There are several things that may contribute to the development of the disorder Several Psychological factors, feelings of failure, feelings of dejection, anxiety, anger, loneliness, biological factors, including genetics and other related hormones such as serotonin, may contribute to the onset of the disorder. Research study shows that “increased levels of serotonin have been implicated in mania and anxiety states.”(Townsend, 2002) Another important factor is the emphasis in Western societies on slimness as a desirable attribute in young females. The media, such as the TV advertisements, Internet, newspapers, magazines greatly glorify “thinness” and place value on obtaining the “perfect body.”
What are the negative effects of eating disorders on the body? Anorexia affects the whole body. Symptoms like dry, flaky or cracked skin, brittle hair and nails, hair beginning to fall out, hypothermia due to loss of subcutaneous fat, constipation, decreased pulse, blood pressure, and basal metabolic rate, presence of lanugo and skeletal appearance or BMI (Body Mass Index) of 16 or below are valuable indications of medical complications of anorexia.
Loss of electrolytes such as potassium, magnesium and sodium result in dehydration which could be life threatening. (Aimee, 2007)Additionally, complications like heart problems, kidney problems, osteoporosis, and growth retardation may occur based on the symptoms previously mentioned.
Similarly, medical complications for bulimia nervosa include periodontal disease, hypoglycemia, dehydration, loss of fluids and electrolytes such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and calcium, which may lead to arrhythmias of the heart and metabolic alkalosis, chronic inflammation of the lining of the esophagus, and rupture of the stomach. (Shives, 2002)
What are the treatment options for eating disorders? Counseling with the mental health clinicians, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, qualified nurses and social workers in the outpatient mental health setting, can give one-to-one personal therapy, group therapy or nutrition counseling to care for mainly eating disorders. The use of medications has also been effective in treating eating disorders. Medications like antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and ant anxiety drugs are helpful in stabilizing bingeing, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and any underlying depression. (Shives, 2002)