Substance abuse is excess and reliance of drug leading to effects that are harmful to the person’s physical and mental health as well as the welfare of others individuals. The disorder is characterized by a pattern of continued pathological utilize of prescription. They also have repeated social consequences which are related to drug use resulting to failure to meet the work expected. Part I Cannabinoids-These are group of material or chemical that are structurally related to tetrahydrocannabinol.
There are various uses of this chemical among them being; used in hospitals in treatment of nausea which has been resulted from chemotherapy, the chemical was also used in industries for making ropes which were later utilized in binding of goods. Those individuals who have been addicted to these drugs have low ability of the sensory working properly. They also have blood shot eyes which cause coordination time and reaction time to be slow. (Maynard, 1987) Natural and Synthetic Hallucinogens- these are substance that when individual ingest radically alter the state of consciousness.
These chemicals cause people to imagine that they can see colors of their interest that does not exist. The addicted persons actually have some times a different sensitivity of time and space, they also have imaginary discussion, and they will think they hear music and all these are not real. Steroids and Inhalants-These are materials that take off the man sex hormones which are called androgens. Women who use these chemical will have an advantage or benefit of reducing their fat and have increased lean as well as strength.
They have side effect to the men among them include; the female are actually developing male characteristics, decreased in size. They users get irritable very easily. Part II: Six conceptual models of addiction Moral Turpitude is a lawful notion in the United States that refers to the behavior that is well thought-out to be contrary to the society good morals. Medical Model is where the doctors identify the mode of addiction by the user of the drugs. Psychoanalytic Model is another conceptual model of addiction. The model explains about relationships between conscious and unconscious mental processes.
Social Learning Model is found in the observational learning principles. For example a child raised in an environment where the substance abuse behaviors are found, will have to be affected. Systems/Family Systems Model is where father was deemed to be the abuse and the mother codependent. Environmental Model actually influences on drug abuse and addiction. (Fazey, 1977)
Reference: Fazey, C. (1977), the Aetiology o Psychoactive Substance Use, Paris: UNESCO Maynard, A. (1987), Economic Aspects of the Illicit Drug Market and Drug Enforcement Policies in the United Kingdom, London: HMSO.