This chapter presents the research methodology that was employed in the study. This part contained the research design, research participants, and locale of the study, instrumentation, data gathering procedure, data analysis tool, to give a description on the methods that were used in obtaining the data needed for this case study. Research Design The research design is basically qualitative-case study which explore the experiences of the cancer survivors on the process disease, adjustment on lifestyle and survival accomplishment during their experience.
Qualitative case study methodology provides tools for researchers to study complex phenomena within their contexts. When the approach is applied correctly, it becomes a valuable method for health science research to develop theory, evaluate programs, and develop interventions. The purpose of this study is to guide the researchers in identifying the key elements for designing, implementing qualitative case study research projects, enhance coping mechanisms, and to meet their health needs after their said experience. Research Locale.
The study will be conducted in General Santos City. The researchers will conduct the study within the parameters of the Halina’s restaurant nearby the oval plaza which the group of cancer survivors’ organization is located. The researchers have chosen to conduct the study at their organization because it is more accessible for the researchers to gather data where the participants have the same lived experiences so that the researchers could focus only in one organization specifically the breast cancer survivors and could deepen the understanding towards the participants.
Participants of the Study The chosen participants of the researchers will be the organization of the breast cancer survivors. There will be five cancer survivor participants who will be chosen. The researcher decided to pick this criteria as a basis of choosing a participant so that researchers could have specific data about the chosen study especially in relation to enhancing the coping mechanisms of the cancer survivors. Sampling Design The researchers have decided to use purposive sampling.
Purposive Sampling is the use of a subset of the population to represent the whole population, handpicked to be included in the sampling frame based from the qualities for the purpose of the study. Subjects in this study, are considered as the primary source of the needed data that could answer the statement of the problem about their lived experiences as cancer survivors. Instrumentation The researchers formulate a general interview guide approach that will serve as a formal basis in gathering needed data; this can be used in order of the sequence o questions can be interchanged by the researchers utilizing an audio recorder to have a keeping of the recorded data from the participant.
In order for the researchers to gather the needed data from the participants, they conducted an interview together with the identified participants to be able to express their emotions freely. Data Gathering Procedure The researchers first disseminate letter of permission to the selected participants, asking permission to conduct the proposed study. After an approval to the selected participants, the researchers then implement the one-on-one interview to answer the series of questions that would aid in answering the statement of the problem.
After the researchers gathered the important data and utilizing the method of colaizzi. The researchers conduct a one-on-one interview with the identified participants in order for them to express their emotions or ideas freely. The following steps were used during the interview: First, the researchers prepared for the one-on-one interview utilizing a recording device for the purpose of audio recording to have a pertinent data.
Second, the mood was set between the participant and the researchers by starting off an open-ended question that the subject can elaborate himself/herself freely without limitations, from it the researchers could built another questions out from the ideas of the subject. So the researchers sorted out individual stories and experiences that was evaluated and analyze individually. The researchers used a general interview guide approach that served as a formal basis in gathering needed data; it was used in order of the sequence or can be interchanged depending on the mood of the during the interview.
At the end of the interview, the researchers were able to thank the participants in sharing their personal experiences and cooperation. Data Analysis Tool The researchers utilized the Colaizzi’s method, which it offers personal insights into how to present an auditable decision trail in a phenomenological research study and explores issues of rigors and trustworthiness, and since it the most commonly used method in qualitative research, which follows the following steps: (1) Read all protocols to acquire a feeling for them. (2) Reviewed each protocol and extract significant statements.
(3) Spell out the meaning of each statement. (4) Organize the formulated meanings into clusters back to the original protocols to validate them. (5) Note discrepancies among or between the various clusters, avoiding the temptation of ignoring data or themes that do not fit. (6) Integrate results into an exclusive description of the phenomenon under study. (7) Formulate an exhaustive description of the phenomenon under study in an equivocal statement of identification as possible. Ask participants about the findings thus far as a final validating step. Ethical Consideration.
The researcher carefully asked their questions in order not to hurt the feelings of the participants. Those questionnaires will help a positive result to the participants and they will gain benefits. The investigators assured fair treatment to the participants before, during and after procedure. The investigator also considered the anonymity of the selected participant. This is to show that the investigators are respecting the right of the participants to privacy and confidentiality consistent with respect for human dignity. All information gathered and discussed were only be within people involved.
This study will also involve some of the ethical principles to ensure no harm to the participants. Beneficence and Non-maleficence The proposed studies findings should benefit and cause no harm to the participants and society. The researcher aims to contribute to nursing practice and improve standards of care by carrying out this study. Psychological status of participants will be monitored as physical harm is unlikely. Privacy and confidentiality will be maintained at all times, all findings will be portrayed in a confidential manner no personal or identifiable information will be recorded or printed in the study.
Audio taped interviews will be transcribed verbatim. Autonomy The researcher will respect the human right of free choice and will ensure informed consent is completed before carrying out any interviews. The researcher will ensure a regular review of what the participants have given consent to is carried out; this is referred to as a procedure of consent, which enables the researcher to renegotiate features of the consent form derived from the changing description of the inquiry (Munhall, 2001).
All participants will be reassured that the option to withdraw from the research at any time without penalty or repercussions will be upheld. Kelly and Simpson (2001) recommend that researchers maintain close consultation and inclusion of all participants throughout the research process as there are some who may feel impervious to change. The researcher will respect the human right of free choice and will ensure informed consent is completed before carrying out any interviews.
The researcher will ensure a regular review of what the participants have given consent to is carried out; this is referred to as a procedure of consent, which enables the researcher to renegotiate features of the consent form derived from the changing description of the inquiry (Munhall, 2001). All participants will be reassured that the option to withdraw from the research at any time without penalty or repercussions will be upheld. Kelly and Simpson (2001) recommend that researchers maintain close consultation and inclusion of all participants throughout the research process as there are some who may feel impervious to change.
Justice All findings and results presented will be that of actual facts stated in the interviews. All participants’ experiences and perceptions will be portrayed as they have done so in the interviews, no false information or accusations will be included in the final report. Ethical issues may arise at any point during any study regardless of the scrupulous planning, therefore it is important that possible ethical issues are identified, prevented, and reviewed as best as possible prior to, during and after the study. Ethical principles provide direction to the possible issues not answers.
Rigors for Qualitative Research Rigors in qualitative research have to do with our ability to determine if the conclusions drawn by the researchers are trustworthy. That makes them comparable to validity and reliability in quantitative research. In order to establish Credibility, the researchers and the participants will be together from the beginning of the study until the end to gather enough and truthful data and interpretations. This will utilize a questionnaire guide that would provide an answer about the lived experiences of Cancer survivor’s, which would also help them to express their thoughts and feelings.
In addition, an audio recorder will record and serve as storage of collected verbal data from the participants. Moreover, to support truth-values to the study, a panel list will critique the study, and professional validators will be chosen to validate the study. For the Transferability and Authenticity, the data will be gathered, presented, interpreted and analyzed based on the participant’s attitude towards the study. They will respect the results without putting any bias and judgment through the help of questionnaire guide and the actual observation.
For Consistency or the Dependability, the researchers will go back again to the participants and interview them with the same set of questions so to know if their answers were consistent and similar from the first conducted interview.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Crestita Barrientos-Tan, RN, RM, PhD (2011) A Research Guide in Nursing Education http://books. google. com. ph/books? id=Ej3wstotgkQC&pg=PA519&lpg=PA519&dq=sample+colaizzi’s+data+analysis+in+research&source=bl&ots=weRyHL8Ayp&sig=0kWoO9CVt1I4Zfs_acGqC5w1N4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ccgTULYJaquiQeK1YDYDQ&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=sample%20colaizzi’s%20data%20analysis%20in%20research&f=false.