In this article, Williams investigates the importance of radiological modalities incorporated into surgery making it minimally invasive for patients. Williams found out that the evolution and use of CT and MRI images has become the best tool for surgeons to locate pathology and injuries with less invasive procedure. Williams utilizes imaging tests such as MRI and CT scans and says that a physical exam and a thorough history are critical because they help pinpoint what is troubling the patient and can also narrow down the differential diagnosis.
Williams refers his patients to a physical therapy and pain management program prior to considering surgery. “An exception to this treatment paradigm,” says Williams “are patients that present with an acute loss of motor function, also known as an acute neurological deficit. These patients often require immediate surgical intervention to prevent further loss of motor function. ” Only if nonsurgical therapies are ineffective may the patient be a surgical candidate.
Williams’s article emphasized how crucial imaging and radiology has contributed in changing the treatment of some neurosurgical conditions, making it easy for both patients and the surgeons to cope with procedure and performing the procedure respectively. Quantitative Study Xu, D et al(2010). 2D/3D Registration for X-ray Guided Bronchoscopy using Distance Map Classification. 32nd Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 54(32), 17-23.
X-ray guided exams have been experienced some set back in radiological application making it difficult for doctors to request for X-rays to help diagnose patients. In this research, Xu recommended the use and benefit of using 2D X-ray fluoroscopy to guide in identifying bronchoscopes of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) rather than using a naked X-ray. Xu, proved that airways and nodules to be biopsied are not easily visualized due to poor image contrast because biopsy of PPLs is often carried out blindly, which degrades diagnostic yield.
He further suggested that one possible solution is to improve biopsy guided procedural guidance by superimposing lesions and airways segmented from a preoperative 3D computed tomography (CT) onto the 2D fluoroscopy images. The research recommendations showed superior registration convergence rate, computational latency was reduced and biopsy registration were more accurate. Mixed Study Galbraith, N. D. , & Brown, K. E. (2011). Assessing intervention effectiveness for reducing stress in student nurses: Combined systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(4), 709-721.
doi:10. 1111/j. 1365-2648. 2010. 05549. x In this mixed article, Galbraith and Brown addressed the basis by giving ordinance to passed published literatures in relation to the problem of assessing intervention effectiveness for reducing stress in student nurses. Galbraith and Brown indicated that there is a considerable body of evidence suggesting that nurses experience job-related stress internationally which included the United Kingdom (UK), 40% of hospital nurses were found to have levels of burnout that were higher than the norms for healthcare staff.
The authors stressed that within the trained nursing workforce stress can also lead to patient dissatisfaction, and reduced quality of care. Stress in student nurses has also been widely demonstrated in many articles within the health care field. They indicated that stress is more than 50% of a cohort, and greater than the prevalence among senior medical students and in the general population all these findings validate the basis for the problem of poor health care.
In this article, Galbraith and Brown clearly started the review by keeping catalogue for the work, by using it to start by reviewing the aim for the research, and this catalogue helped them to design strategy for the article, search methods to maneuver through the problem incorporating both qualitative and quantitative study methods to find solutions. Authors’ aim of the article seeks to provide an up-to-date examination of studies, which report on stress management interventions for student nurses and in doing so identified, and shared types of interventions that has proven to be effective in reducing stress in student nurses.
The authors did excellent work in demonstrating conjoined work of other research authors’ which states that occupational stress interventions can be categorized in a number of ways to demonstrate an improvement in a measure to design a group-based interventions as some participants may be uncomfortable in disclosing personal information in the presence of colleagues.