Researchers have been carried out in all aspect of life to find out cause thing to happen. Why thing function the way they do and why our body faces problems that we were not originally born with but develop over time. In biology researcher have done way procedures to find out why people feel the way they do. The researcher has used different methods to carry out these findings.
They have used the invasive and non invasive methods to carry out their procedures. Non-invasive method is a medical procedure is strictly when no break in the skin is created and there is no contact with the mucosa, or skin break, or internal body cavity beyond a natural or artificial body orifice. There are many non-invasive procedures, ranging from simple observation, to specialized forms of surgery, such as surgery.
For as long as I can remember and , physicians have employed many simple non-invasive methods based on physical parameters in order to assess body function in health and disease physical examination and inspection, such as pulse-taking, the auscultation of heart sounds and lung sounds using the stethoscope temperature using thermometers, respiratory examination, peripheral vascular examination, oral examination[disambiguation needed], external percussion and palpation, blood pressure measurement (using the sphygmomanometer), change in body volume using plethysmograph, audiometric, eye examination and many others.
An invasive brain stimulation technique; involves stimulation of the brain by surgically opening the skull and delivering a measured electrical current to a specific brain area or structure. The invasive methods are procedure typically involves use of arthroscopic (for joints and the spine) or laparoscopic devices and remote-control manipulation of instruments with indirect observation of the surgical field through an endoscope or large scale display panel, and is carried out through the skin or through a body cavity or anatomical opening.
Has mention in the previous paragraph there are many method under each specific method, but, I will be discussing at least three of the methods under of each methods. Surgery is a technology consisting of a physical intervention on tissues. As a general rule, a procedure is considered surgical when it involves cutting of a patient’s tissues or closure of a previously sustained wound.
Other procedures that do not necessarily fall under this rubric, such as angioplasty or endoscopy, may be considered surgery if they involve “common” surgical procedure or settings, such as use of a sterile environment, anesthesia, antiseptic conditions, typical surgical instruments, and suturing or stapling. Lesions done by knife cuts and suction techniques, called mechanical lesions, were tried by Veyssiere and Nothnagel in 1874. This process was done by inserting a fine wire blade through the head, rotating the curved or angled wire, and cutting neural projection.
Baginski and Lehmann used this method with thin glass tube lowered through a small hole in the skull in 1886. Non invasive methods like brain imaging techniques allow doctors and researchers to view activity or problems within the human brain, without invasive neurosurgery. There are a number of accepted, safe imaging techniques in use today in research facilities and hospitals throughout the world. These include some of the following; Functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, is a technique for measuring brain activity.
It works by detecting the changes in blood oxygenation and flow that occur in response to neural activity – when a brain area is more active it consumes more oxygen and to meet this increased demand blood flow increases to the active area. fMRI can be used to produce activation maps showing which parts of the brain are involved in a particular mental process. Computed tomography (CT) scanning builds up a picture of the brain based on the differential absorption of X-rays.
During a CT scan the subject lies on a table that slides in and out of a hollow, cylindrical apparatus. An x-ray source rides on a ring around the inside of the tube, with its beam aimed at the subjects head. After passing through the head, the beam is sampled by one of the many detectors that line the machine’s circumference. Images made using x-rays depend on the absorption of the beam by the tissue it passes through. Bone and hard tissue absorb x-rays well, air and water absorb very little and soft tissue is somewhere in between.
Thus, CT scans reveal the gross features of the brain but do not resolve its structure well. Electroencephalography (EEG) is the measurement of the electrical activity of the brain by recording from electrodes placed on the scalp. The resulting traces are known as an electroencephalogram (EEG) and represent an electrical signal from a large number of neurons. EEGs are frequently used in experimentation because the process is non-invasive to the research subject. The EEG is capable of detecting changes in electrical activity in the brain on a millisecond-level.
It is one of the few techniques available that has such high temporal. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) A neuroimaging technique that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to vibrate brain neurons and produce a detailed, still, computer-enhanced 3-D image of brain areas or structures. In concluding it can be said that Invasive method involves insertion of tools like balloons or catheters into the body for diagnosis and treatment while non invasive involves imaging like nuclear tracer imaging or ultrasound.
The two techniques are effective, but the invasive procedure is preferred, since it offers an opportunity for treatment http://psychcentral. com/lib/2007/types-of-brain-imaging-techniques/ http://quizlet. com/5038040/brain-research-methods-flash-car http://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2012/08/120824130335. htmds/ ———————– INVASIVE AND NON-INVASIVE METHODS OF BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 4.