Microbiology: An Introduction, 10e (Tortora et al. ) Chapter 14 Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Test Bank 1) A commensal bacterium A) Does not receive any benefit from its host. B) Is beneficial to its host. C) May be an opportunistic pathogen. D) Does not infect its host. E) B and D only. Answer: C media. B) Some microorganisms don’t cause the same disease in laboratory animals. C) Some microorganisms cause different symptoms under different conditions. D) Some microorganisms can’t be observed. E) Not all diseases are caused by microorganisms. Answer: E 2) Which of the following statements is true?
A) Symbiosis refers to different organisms living together. B) Members of a symbiotic relationship cannot live without each other. C) A parasite is not in symbiosis with its host. D) Symbiosis refers to different organisms living together and benefiting from each other. E) At least one member must benefit in a symbiotic relationship. Answer: A 6) Which of the following diseases is NOT spread by droplet infection? A) Botulism B) Tuberculosis C) Measles D) Common cold E) Diphtheria Answer: A 3) A nosocomial infection is A) Always present but is inapparent at the time of hospitalization.
B) Acquired during the course of hospitalization. C) Always caused by medical personnel. D) Only a result of surgery. E) Always caused by pathogenic bacteria. Answer: B 7) Mechanical transmission differs from biological transmission in that mechanical transmission A) Doesn’t require an arthropod. B) Involves fomites. C) Doesn’t involve specific diseases. D) Requires direct contact. E) Doesn’t work with noncommunicable diseases. Answer: C 4) The major significance of Koch’s work was that A) Microorganisms are present in a diseased animal. B) Diseases can be transmitted from one animal to another. C) Microorganisms can be cultured.
D) Microorganisms cause disease. E) Microorganisms are the result of disease. Answer: D 8) Which of the following definitions is incorrect? A) Endemic – disease that is constantly present in a a population B) Epidemic – fraction of the population having a disease at a specified time C) Pandemic – disease that affects a large number of a people in the world in a short time D) Sporadic – disease that affects a population a occasionally E) Incidence – number of new cases of a disease Answer: B 5) Koch’s postulates don’t apply to all diseases because A) Some microorganisms can’t be cultured in laboratory
9) Which of these infections can cause septicemia? A) Bacteremia B) Focal infection C) Local infection D) Septicemia E) Systemic infection 1 Answer: B 10) Which type of infection can be caused by septicemia? A) Bacteremia B) Focal infection C) Local infection D) Viremia E) Systemic infection Answer: E 15) One effect of washing regularly with antibacterial agents is the removal of normal microbiota. This can result in A) Body odor. B) Fewer diseases. C) Increased susceptibility to disease. D) Normal microbiota returning immediately. E) No bacterial growth because washing removes their food source. Answer: C.
11) Koch observed Bacillus anthracis multiplying in the blood of cattle. What is this condition called? A) Bacteremia B) Focal infection C) Local infection D) Septicemia E) Systemic infection Answer: D 16) Which of the following is NOT a reservoir of infection? A) A sick person B) A healthy person C) A sick animal D) A hospital E) All of the above can be reservoirs of infection. Answer: E 12) Which one of the following does NOT contribute to the incidence of nosocomial infections? A) Formation of biofilms B) Lapse in aseptic techniques C) Gram-negative cell walls D) Lack of handwashing E) Lack of insect control Answer: C 17) Which of the following is NOT a communicable diseases?
A) Malaria B) AIDS C) Tuberculosis D) Tetanus E) Typhoid fever Answer: D 13) Transient microbiota differ from normal microbiota because transient microbiota A) Cause diseases. B) Are found in a certain location on the host. C) Are acquired by direct contact. D) Are present for a relatively short time. E) Never cause disease. Answer: D 18) Which of the following is a fomite? A) Water B) Droplets from a sneeze C) Pus D) Insects E) A hypodermic needle Answer: E 14) Which of the following statements about nosocomial infections is false?
A) They occur in compromised patients. B) They are caused by opportunists. C) They are caused by drug-resistant bacteria. D) They are caused by normal microbiota. E) The patient was infected before hospitalization. Answer: E 19) Which of the following statements about biological transmission is false? A) The pathogen reproduces in the vector. B) The pathogen may enter the host in the vector’s feces. C) Houseflies are an important vector. D) The pathogen may be injected by the bite of the vector. E) The pathogen may require the vector as a host. 2 Answer: C D) d Answer: D 20) Which of the following definitions is incorrect?
A) Acute – short-lasting primary infection a B) Inapparent – infection characteristic of a carrier state C) Chronic – disease that develops slowly and lasts for a months D) Primary infection – initial illness an E) Secondary infection – long-lasting illness a Answer: E 24) Emergence of infectious diseases can be due to all of the following EXCEPT A) Antibiotic resistance. B) Climatic changes. C) Digging up soil. D) Microbes trying to cause disease. E) Travel. Answer: D 21) Symptoms of disease differ from signs of disease in that symptoms A) Are changes felt by the patient. B) Are changes observed by the physician.
C) Are specific for a particular disease. D) Always occur as part of a syndrome. E) None of the above. Answer: A 25) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) Malaria – vector B) Salmonellosis – vehicle transmission C) Syphilis – direct contact D) Influenza – droplet infection E) All of the above are correctly matched. Answer: E 22) The science that deals with when diseases occur and how they are transmitted is called A) Ecology. B) Epidemiology. C) Communicable disease. D) Morbidity and mortality. E) Public health. Answer: B Figure 14. 1 26) Which of the following can contribute to postoperative infections?
A) Using syringes more than once B) Normal microbiota on the operating room staff C) Errors in aseptic technique D) Antibiotic resistance E) All of the above Answer: E 27) Influenza transmitted by an unprotected sneeze is an example of A) Direct contact. B) Droplet transmission. C) Fomite. D) Vector. E) Vehicle transmission. Answer: B 23) Figure 14. 1 shows the incidence of influenza during a typical year. Which letter on the graph indicates the endemic level? A) a B) b C) c 3 28) A sexually transmitted disease is an example of A) Direct contact. B) Droplet transmission. C) Fomite. D) Vector. E) Vehicle transmission.
Answer: A 34) Which one of the following is NOT an example of microbial antagonism? A) Acid production by bacteria B) Bacteriocin production C) Bacteria occupying host receptors D) Bacteria causing disease E) Bacteria producing vitamin K Answer: D 29) Gastroenteritis acquired from roast beef is an example of A) Direct contact. B) Droplet transmission. C) Fomite. D) Vector. E) Vehicle transmission. Answer: E 30) A needlestick is an example of A) Direct contact. B) Droplet transmission. C) Fomite. D) Vector. E) Vehicle transmission. Answer: C 35) The yeast Candida albicans does not normally cause disease because of A) Symbiotic bacteria.
B) Antagonistic bacteria. C) Parasitic bacteria. D) Commensal bacteria. E) Other fungi. Answer: B 31) Legionellosis transmitted by a grocery store mist machine is an example of A) Direct contact. B) Droplet transmission. C) Fomite. D) Vector. E) Vehicle transmission. Answer: E 32) Plague transmitted by a flea is an example of A) Direct contact. B) Droplet transmission. C) Fomite. D) Vector. E) Vehicle transmission. Answer: D 36) Haemophilus bacteria require heme protein produced by Staphylococcus bacteria. This is an example of A) Antagonism. B) Commensalism. C) Parasitism. D) Synergism. E) Competitive exclusion.
Answer: D 37) Which one of the following is NOT a zoonosis? A) Cat-scratch disease B) Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome C) Rabies D) Tapeworm E) All of the above are zoonoses. Answer: E 38) Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of a A) Communicable disease. B) Latent infection. C) Nosocomial infection. D) Sporadic disease. E) None of the above. Answer: C 33) The most likely mode of transmission of pneumonic plague between humans is A) Direct contact. B) Droplet transmission. C) Fomite. D) Vector. E) Vehicle transmission. Answer: B 4 Figure 14. 3.
39) The graph in Figure 14. 3 shows the incidence of polio in the United States. The period between 1945 and 1955 indicates A) An endemic level. B) An epidemic level. C) A sporadic infection. D) A communicable disease. E) A pandemic. Answer: B 40) Which one of the following statements is false? A) Antimicrobial therapy for hemodialysis-associated infections increases antibiotic resistance. B) S. aureus is differentiated from other mannitol+ cocci by the coagulase test. C) The M in MRSA stands for mannitol. D) USA100 accounts for most hospital-acquired MRSA. E) USA300 accounts for most community-acquired MRSA. Answer: C 5.