What is the name given to the types of organisms that can use photosynthesis to produce glucose? In addition, provide THREE specific examples. Organisms that use photosynthesis to produce glucose are called photoautotrophs. Algae such as Kelp(algae), euglena(protist)and cyanobacteria are some examples. 2. What is the name given to the types of organisms that exclusively use aerobic cellular respiration to break down glucose to produce ATP for energy? In addition, provide THREE specific examples. Obligate aerobes exclusively use aerobic cellular respiration to produce ATP from glucose.
Examples of obligate aerobes are Myacobacterium tuberculosis, bacillus, and lichens. 3. If oxygen is lacking, how might cells meet their energy needs through fermentation? Explain and give some examples of cells that can do this. During fermentation, ATP is still produced to provide energy for the cell, but in limited amounts. Only 2 ATP molecules are created during the glycolysis phase of fermentation. In addition, a waste product also results—ethanol in alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid in lactic acid fermentation.
Yeast is known to undergo alcoholic fermentation. Meanwhile, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, used in Bulgarian fermented milk undergoes lactic acid fermentation. 4. Both photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration are examples of complex metabolic pathways, consisting of many linked chemical reactions that require enzymes to function. Briefly, explain two (ONLY TWO) attributes of enzymes in catalyzing chemical reactions and in metabolic pathways. Enzymes function as catalysts. They lower the energy barrier, thus speeding up the reaction.
But, enzymes do not directly participate in the process. They are constant and unchanged after the reaction. Enzymes also provide a single pathway or direction for the reaction, making the reaction irreversible. References Campbell, Neil A. , Mitchell,Lawrence and Reece,Jane. (1999). Biology, 5th Ed. California: Benjamin/Cummings Publ. Co. , Inc. Obligate aerobe. (2009). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 09, 2009, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online: http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/423838/obligate-aerobe