To determine the relative molecular mass of a volatile liquid (acetone) Procedure 1. Place the graduated syringe into the steam jacket and draw in about 5 cm3 air before sealing it with the rubber cap. 2. Pass steam through the steam jacket until the temperature reading and the volume of air in the graduated syringe reach steady value. 3. Meanwhile, draw about 1cm3 of volatile liquid into a hypodermic syringe through the needle, rinse the hypodermic syringe with the liquid and expel it into the sink.
Draw in another 1cm3 of liquid and, holding the syringe vertically with the needle uppermost, slowly push in the piston till every bubble of air is expelled and a few drops of liquid emerge. 4. Dry the outside of the needle with filter paper. 5. Weigh the hypodermic syringe with its cap and liquid content and record the mass. Keep the syringe horizontal and avoid touching the piston or warming the barrel with you hand, either of which could result in loss of liquid (Why? ) 6.
When the temperature and volume of the air in the graduated syringe are constant, record the volume of air and, with steam still passing through the jacket, push the hypodermic needle through its own seal and through the rubber seal of the gas syringe so that its tip projects well into the air space. Inject about 0. 2cm3 of the liquid into the graduated syringe. 7. Withdraw the needle into its own self-sealing cap, and reweigh the hypodermic syringe, cap and content immediately so that no more liquid escapes. Record the mass.
8. Make sure, by twirling it, that the piston in the graduated syringe can move freely so that the pressure inside is the same as atmospheric pressure, which should also be recorded. 9. Record the temperature and the volume of gas in the graduated syringe when they reach steady values. 10. Remove the cap from the gas syringe and push the piston in and out several times to expel the vapour. Calculation: Calculate the relative molecular mass of the volatile liquid. Compare with literature value. Questions: 1. What are possible sources of error in this experiment? 2. What is the major limitation of this experiment in measuring the relative molecular mass?
Diagram: Draw the diagram of the apparatus. B) To determine the Faraday Constant Aim To determine the Faraday constant Theory What is the meaning of Faraday constant? This constant can be determined by the electrolysis of copper(II) sulphate solution between copper electrodes. Explain the theory behind this method. Procedure 1. The electrolyte is prepared by dissolving roughly 12. 5g of copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO45H2O) in 92cm3 of deionized water and adding 3 cm3 concentrated sulphuric acid plus 5 cm3 of ethanol. 2.
Clean the copper electrodes by dipping briefly into 2M nitric acid. Then rinse well with deionized water and ethanol before drying in an oven at 100?. After cooling the cathode, weigh it accurately to the nearest milligram. 3. Set up the apparatus by using the following: Power supply, ammeter, rheostat, electrical wires, beaker, copper electrodes 4. Set the electrolysis process at a current of 0. 2A (how to keep at this value? ). The time is about 20 min. exactly. 5. After electrolysis, rinse the copper electrodes with water.
The anode will need a strong jet of water from the tap, followed by a firm wipe with a paper tissue to remove the film on the surface. Rinse each electrode twice with ethanol, wave in air for 1-2 minutes to vaporize most of the ethanol, and dry by warming high above a Bunsen flame. (Hazard warning: Keep the flammable ethanol away from all naked flame. ) 6. Weigh the anode accurately to the nearest milligram. Calculation Calculate the Faraday constant from the experimental data and compare with literature value.