1. Identify: (a) Trojan War- The conflict may have had its origins in economic rivalry between Mycenae and Troy. (b) Heinrich Schliemann- set out to prove the legend was rooted in fact. (c) Homer- was a blind poet who wandered from village to village, singing of heroic deeds. 2. Define: (a) Shrine- areas dedicated to honor the gods or goddess (b) Fresco- watercolor paintings done on wet plaster (c) Strait- narrow water passages The Rise of Greek City-States.
1. Identify: (a) Peloponnesus-the southern part of Greece (b) Solon- a wise and trusted leader was appointed chief official (c) Cleisthenes- broadened the role of ordinary citizens in government (d) Zeus- who persisted over the affairs of gods and humans 2. Define: (a) Polis- unique version of the city-states (b) Acropolis- high city (c) Monarchy- A government in which a king or queen exercises central power. (d) Aristocracy- rule by a landholding elite.
(e) Oligarchy- A small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution (f) Phalanx- was a massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiers (g) Helot- A member of a class of serfs in ancient Sparta (h) Democracy- government by the people (i) Tyrant- people who gained power by force (j) Legislature- law making body Victory and Defeat in the Greek World 1. Identify: (a) Marathon- a plain north of Athens.
(b) Themistocles- knew the victory at Marathon had bought only temporary lull in the fighting. (c) Delian League- an alliance with other Greek city-states (d) Pericles- the Athenian assembly met several times a month (e) Aspasia-was an educated foreign-born woman 2. Define: (a) Alliance- a formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another’s defense (b) Direct democracy- is a form of democracy (government) in which the population has an immediate (c) Stipend- fixed salary.
(d) Jury- is a panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgment in a trial (e) Ostracism- when Athenians citizens could also vote to banish, or send away, a public figure whom they saw as a threat to their democracy The Glory That Was Greece 1. Identify: (a) Socrates- an Athenian stonemason and philosopher (b) Aristotle- developed his own ideas about government. (c) Parthenon.
(d) Sophocles- Athenian playwrights, explored what happens when an individual’s moral duty conflicts with the laws of the state (e) Euripides- Athenian playwrights, his plays suggested that people, not the gods, were the cause of human misfortune (f) Herodotus- retold ancient legends also known as the “Father of History” (g) Thucydides- wrote about the Peloponnesians War 2. Define: (a) Logic- rational thinking (b) Rhetoric- the art of skillful speaking (c) Tragedy- plays that told stories of human suffering that usually ended in disaster (d) Comedy- humorous plays that mocked people or customs.
Alexander and the Hellenistic Age 1. Identify: (a) Philip of Macedonia- was the king (b) Stoicism- The endurance of pain or hardship without a display of feelings and without complaint (c) Pythagoras- derived a formula to calculate the relationships between the sides of a right triangle (d) Euclid- wrote The Elements, a textbook that became the basics for modern geometry (e) Archimedes- applied principles of physics to make practical inventions (f) Hippocrates- studied the causes of illness and looked for cures 2. Define: (a) Assassination- is a murder of a public figure (b) Assimilate- absorbed (c) Heliocentric- sun-centered.